Chidule cha chitukuko ndi mawonekedwe a vacuum circuit breaker

[Mwachidule za chitukuko ndi makhalidwe a vacuum circuit breaker]: vacuum circuit breaker imatanthawuza wodutsa dera amene ma contact amatsekedwa ndi kutsegulidwa mu vacuum.Zida zowononga madera poyambilira zinaphunziridwa ndi United Kingdom ndi United States, ndipo kenako anazipititsa ku Japan, Germany, dziko limene kale linali Soviet Union ndi mayiko ena.China idayamba kuphunzira za chiphunzitso cha vacuum circuit breaker kuyambira 1959, ndipo idapanga zosokoneza madera osiyanasiyana koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1970.

Vacuum circuit breaker imatanthawuza wowononga dera yemwe zolumikizira zake zimatsekedwa ndikutsegulidwa mu vacuum.

Zida zowononga madera poyambilira zinaphunziridwa ndi United Kingdom ndi United States, ndipo kenako anazipititsa ku Japan, Germany, dziko limene kale linali Soviet Union ndi mayiko ena.China idayamba kuphunzira za chiphunzitso cha ophwanya ma circuit vacuum mu 1959, ndipo idapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma vacuum circuit breakers koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1970.Kusintha kosalekeza komanso kuwongolera kwaukadaulo wopanga monga vacuum interrupter, makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi mulingo wotsekemera wapangitsa kuti chosokoneza chigawo cha vacuum chikule mwachangu, ndipo zopambana zazikulu zachitika pakufufuza kwakukulu, miniaturization, luntha ndi kudalirika.

Ndi ubwino wa makhalidwe abwino azimitsira arc, oyenera kugwira ntchito pafupipafupi, moyo wautali wamagetsi, kudalirika kwachangu, komanso nthawi yayitali yokonzekera, zowonongeka zowonongeka zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'matauni ndi kumidzi kusintha kwa grid mphamvu, makampani opanga mankhwala, zitsulo, njanji. magetsi, migodi ndi mafakitale ena ku China magetsi makampani.Zogulitsa zimayambira pamitundu ingapo ya ZN1-ZN5 m'mbuyomu mpaka mitundu ingapo ndi mitundu pano.Zomwe zidavoteredwa zimafika ku 4000A, kusweka kumafika ku 5OKA, ngakhale 63kA, ndipo voteji imafika 35kV.

Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a vacuum circuit breaker kudzawoneka kuchokera kuzinthu zingapo zazikulu, kuphatikizapo chitukuko cha vacuum interrupter, kakulidwe ka makina ogwiritsira ntchito komanso kamangidwe kake.

Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a vacuum interrupters

2.1Kukula kwa zosokoneza za vacuum

Lingaliro la kugwiritsa ntchito vacuum medium kuti azimitse arc lidakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, ndipo chosokoneza choyambirira kwambiri chidapangidwa m'ma 1920.Komabe, chifukwa cha zoperewera zaukadaulo wa vacuum, zida ndi magawo ena aukadaulo, sizinali zothandiza panthawiyo.Kuyambira m'ma 1950, ndi chitukuko cha teknoloji yatsopano, mavuto ambiri pakupanga vacuum interrupters athetsedweratu, ndipo kusintha kwa vacuum kwafika pamlingo wothandiza.Chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 1950, General Electric Company ya ku United States inapanga ziwiya zotsuka zotsuka ndi 12KA.Pambuyo pake, chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, chifukwa cha chitukuko cha zosokoneza za vacuum zokhala ndi maginito ozungulira maginito, mphamvu yowonongeka inakwezedwa ku 3OKA.Pambuyo pa zaka za m'ma 1970, kampani ya Toshiba Electric Company ya ku Japan inapanga bwino chosokoneza chotchinga chokhala ndi maginito otalikirapo, chomwe chinawonjezeranso kuphulika kwa magetsi kupitirira 5OKA.Pakalipano, zowononga magetsi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu 1KV ndi 35kV makina ogawa magetsi, ndipo kusweka kwamakono kumatha kufika ku 5OKA-100KAo.Mayiko ena apanganso zosokoneza za 72kV/84kV, koma chiwerengerocho ndi chochepa.Jenereta yamagetsi yamagetsi ya DC

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kupanga ma vacuum circuit breakers ku China kwachitikanso mwachangu.Pakali pano, luso la zosokoneza zapakhomo ndi lofanana ndi la zinthu zakunja.Pali zosokoneza za vacuum pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo woyimirira komanso wopingasa wa maginito komanso ukadaulo wapakatikati.Zolumikizana zopangidwa ndi Cu Cr alloy materials zathetsa bwino 5OKA ndi 63kAo vacuum interrupters ku China, zomwe zafika pamtunda wapamwamba.Chophwanyira dera la vacuum chimatha kugwiritsa ntchito zosokoneza zapanyumba.

2.2Makhalidwe a vacuum interrupter

Chipinda chozimitsa cha vacuum arc ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa chophwanya dera la vacuum.Imathandizidwa ndikusindikizidwa ndi galasi kapena ceramic.Pali zolumikizana zokhazikika komanso zokhazikika komanso zotchingira zotchingira mkati.Pali kupanikizika koipa m'chipindamo.Digiri ya vacuum ndi 133 × 10 Nine 133 × LOJPa, kuwonetsetsa kuti arc kuzimitsa ntchito ndi mulingo wa kutchinjiriza pakuswa.Pamene digiri ya vacuum imachepetsa, ntchito yake yosweka idzachepetsedwa kwambiri.Choncho, chipinda chozimitsira cha vacuum arc sichidzakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu iliyonse yakunja, ndipo sichidzagwedezeka kapena kumenyedwa ndi manja.Sichidzagwedezeka panthawi yosuntha ndi kukonza.Ndikoletsedwa kuyika chilichonse pa chophwanyira cha vacuum kuti chipinda chozimira cha vacuum arc chisawonongeke chikagwa.Asanaperekedwe, wophwanya dera la vacuum adzayang'aniridwa mosamalitsa ndi msonkhano.Panthawi yokonza, ma bolts onse a chipinda chozimitsira arc ayenera kumangidwa kuti atsimikizire kupsinjika kofanana.

Chowotcha cha vacuum chimasokoneza zomwe zikuchitika ndikuzimitsa arc muchipinda chozimitsa cha vacuum arc.Komabe, chowotcha cha vacuum pachokha sichikhala ndi chida chowonera bwino komanso kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe a vacuum degree, chifukwa chake cholakwika chochepetsera digiri ya vacuum ndi cholakwika chobisika.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuchepa kwa digiri ya vacuum kudzakhudza kwambiri mphamvu ya woyendetsa dera la vacuum kuti adutse pakalipano, ndikupangitsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa moyo wautumiki wa wophwanya dera, zomwe zidzatsogolera kuphulika kwa kusintha pamene kuli koopsa.

Kufotokozera mwachidule, vuto lalikulu la chosokoneza vacuum ndikuti digiri ya vacuum imachepetsedwa.Zifukwa zazikulu zochepetsera vacuum ndi izi.

(1) Wowononga dera la vacuum ndi gawo losavuta.Pambuyo pochoka kufakitale, fakitale yamagetsi yamachubu imatha kukhala ndi kutayikira kwa magalasi kapena zisindikizo za ceramic pambuyo pa nthawi zambiri zokhala ndi mayendedwe, kugwedezeka kwa kukhazikitsa, kugunda mwangozi, ndi zina zambiri.

(2) Pali zovuta muzinthu zakuthupi kapena kupanga kwa chosokoneza cha vacuum, ndipo malo otuluka amawonekera pambuyo pa ntchito zingapo.

(3) Pakuti kugawanika mtundu vacuum dera wosweka, monga maginito opareshoni limagwirira, pamene ntchito, chifukwa cha mtunda waukulu wa kugwirizana ntchito, zimakhudza mwachindunji kalunzanitsidwe, kudumpha, overtravel ndi makhalidwe ena a lophimba kufulumizitsa kuchepetsa digiri ya vacuum.Jenereta yamagetsi yamagetsi ya DC

Njira yothandizira kuchepetsa vacuum ya vacuum interrupter:

Yang'anani pafupipafupi chosokoneza cha vacuum, ndipo nthawi zonse mugwiritse ntchito choyezera choyezera chosinthira cha vacuum kuti muyese kuchuluka kwa vacuum interrupter, kuti muwonetsetse kuti kuchuluka kwa vacuum interrupter kuli mkati mwazomwe zatchulidwa;Pamene digiri ya vacuum ikucheperachepera, chosokoneza cha vacuum chiyenera kusinthidwa, ndipo mayesero amtundu monga stroke, synchronization ndi bounce ayenera kuchitidwa bwino.

3. Kupanga njira zogwirira ntchito

Makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakuwunika momwe ma vacuum circuit breaker amagwirira ntchito.Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza kudalirika kwa vacuum circuit breaker ndi mawonekedwe a makina ogwiritsira ntchito.Malinga ndi chitukuko cha makina ogwiritsira ntchito, akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa.Jenereta yamagetsi yamagetsi ya DC

3.1Makina ogwiritsira ntchito pamanja

Makina ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amadalira kutseka kwachindunji amatchedwa makina ogwiritsira ntchito pamanja, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyendetsa ma circuit breakers okhala ndi ma voltage otsika komanso otsika kwambiri.Makinawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri m'madipatimenti amagetsi akunja kupatula mabizinesi amakampani ndi migodi.Makina ogwiritsira ntchito pamanja ndi osavuta pamapangidwe, safuna zida zothandizira zovuta ndipo ali ndi vuto lomwe silingathe kuyambiranso ndipo litha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwanuko, zomwe sizotetezeka mokwanira.Chifukwa chake, makina ogwiritsira ntchito pamanja atsala pang'ono kusinthidwa ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito masika ndi kusungirako mphamvu zamagetsi.

3.2Electromagnetic ntchito makina

Makina ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amatsekedwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi amatchedwa electromagnetic operating mechanism d.Makina a CD17 amapangidwa mogwirizana ndi zinthu zapakhomo za ZN28-12.Pamapangidwe, imakonzedwanso kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa chosokoneza cha vacuum.

Ubwino wamakina ogwiritsira ntchito ma electromagnetic ndi njira yosavuta, yodalirika komanso yotsika mtengo yopangira.Zoyipa zake ndizakuti mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi koyilo yotseka ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo imayenera kukonzekera [Mwachidule cha chitukuko ndi mawonekedwe a chopukutira chamagetsi]: Chowotcha chamagetsi chimatanthawuza wophwanya dera yemwe zolumikizira zake zimatsekedwa ndikutsegulidwa. mu vacuum.Zida zowononga madera poyambilira zinaphunziridwa ndi United Kingdom ndi United States, ndipo kenako anazipititsa ku Japan, Germany, dziko limene kale linali Soviet Union ndi mayiko ena.China idayamba kuphunzira za chiphunzitso cha vacuum circuit breaker kuyambira 1959, ndipo idapanga zosokoneza madera osiyanasiyana koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1970.

Mabatire okwera mtengo, kutseka kwakukulu kwapano, mawonekedwe okulirapo, nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito, ndikuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono gawo la msika.

3.3Makina opangira masika a DC jenereta yamagetsi yamagetsi

Makina ogwiritsira ntchito masika amagwiritsa ntchito kasupe wamagetsi osungidwa ngati mphamvu yopangitsa kusinthaku kuzindikira kutseka.Itha kuyendetsedwa ndi ma manpower kapena ma motors ang'onoang'ono a AC ndi DC, kotero mphamvu yotseka siyimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zakunja (monga voteji yamagetsi, kuthamanga kwa mpweya wa gwero la mpweya, kuthamanga kwa hydraulic ya hydraulic pressure source) kukwaniritsa kuthamanga kwambiri kutseka, komanso kuzindikira mofulumira basi mobwerezabwereza kutseka ntchito;Kuphatikiza apo, poyerekeza ndi makina opangira ma electromagnetic, makina ogwiritsira ntchito masika amakhala otsika mtengo komanso otsika mtengo.Ndiwo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi a vacuum circuit breaker, ndipo opanga ake nawonso ndi ochulukirapo, omwe amasintha nthawi zonse.Njira za CT17 ndi CT19 ndizofanana, ndipo ZN28-17, VS1 ndi VGl zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nazo.

Nthawi zambiri, makina ogwiritsira ntchito masika amakhala ndi magawo mazana ambiri, ndipo njira yotumizira ndi yovuta kwambiri, yokhala ndi kulephera kwakukulu, magawo ambiri osuntha komanso zofunika kwambiri pakupangira.Kuphatikiza apo, kapangidwe ka makina ogwiritsira ntchito masika ndizovuta, ndipo pali malo ambiri otsetsereka, ndipo ambiri aiwo ali m'magawo ofunikira.Panthawi yogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa zigawozi, komanso kutaya ndi kuchiritsa kwa mafuta odzola, kumayambitsa zolakwika zogwirira ntchito.Pali makamaka zofooka zotsatirazi.

(1) Wowononga dera amakana kugwira ntchito, ndiko kuti, amatumiza chizindikiro cha opaleshoni kwa wodutsa dera popanda kutseka kapena kutsegula.

(2) Kusinthako sikungathe kutsekedwa kapena kutsekedwa pambuyo potseka.

(3) Pakachitika ngozi, chitetezo cha relay ndi wowononga dera sangathe kulumikizidwa.

(4) Yatsani koloko yotsekera.

Kusanthula kwa chifukwa cha kulephera kwa makina ogwiritsira ntchito:

Wophwanyira dera amakana kugwira ntchito, zomwe zitha chifukwa cha kutayika kwa voteji kapena kutsika kwa magetsi oyendetsa, kulumikizidwa kwa gawo loyendetsa, kulumikizidwa kwa koyilo yotseka kapena koyilo yotsegulira, komanso kusalumikizana bwino kwa ma switch othandizira. pa makina.

Kusinthana sikungathe kutsekedwa kapena kutsegulidwa mutatha kutseka, zomwe zingayambitsidwe chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito, kuyenda mopitirira muyeso kukhudzana ndi kusuntha kwa wophwanya dera, kutsekedwa kwa kukhudzana kwapakatikati kwa chosinthira chothandizira, ndi kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono. kugwirizana pakati pa shaft ya theka la makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi pawl;

Panthawi ya ngoziyi, chitetezo cha relay ndi chowotcha sichinathe kulumikizidwa.Zitha kukhala kuti pali zinthu zakunja pakatikati pachitsulo chotsegulira zomwe zidalepheretsa chitsulo chapakati kuti chisasunthike, theka la shaft lotsegulira silingathe kusinthasintha, ndipo gawo lotsegulira lidalumikizidwa.

Zifukwa zomwe zimawotcha koyilo yotseka ndi izi: cholumikizira cha DC sichingathe kulumikizidwa mutatha kutseka, chosinthira chothandizira sichimatembenukira kumalo otsegulira mutatha kutseka, ndipo chosinthira chothandizira chimakhala chotayirira.

3.4Permanent maginito makina

Makina okhazikika a maginito amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yatsopano yogwirira ntchito kuti aphatikizire makina a electromagnetic ndi maginito okhazikika, kupewa zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chopunthwa pamakina potseka ndi kutsegulira komanso makina otsekera.Mphamvu yogwirizira yomwe imapangidwa ndi maginito okhazikika imatha kusunga chotchinga chamagetsi pamalo otseka ndi otsegulira pomwe mphamvu yamakina imafunikira.Ili ndi dongosolo lowongolera kuti lizindikire ntchito zonse zomwe zimafunikira ndi chophwanya dera la vacuum.Itha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: cholumikizira chokhazikika cha maginito ndi bistable okhazikika maginito actuator.Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya bistable permanent magnetic actuator ndikuti kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa actuator kumadalira mphamvu ya maginito yokhazikika;Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya monostable okhazikika maginito opangira makina ndikutsegula mwachangu mothandizidwa ndi kasupe wosungira mphamvu ndikusunga malo otsegulira.Kutseka kokha kungasunge mphamvu ya maginito yokhazikika.Chogulitsa chachikulu cha Trede Electric ndi chothandizira maginito okhazikika, ndipo mabizinesi apakhomo makamaka amapanga bistable permanent magnet actuator.

Mapangidwe a bistable okhazikika maginito actuator amasiyana, koma pali mitundu iwiri yokha ya mfundo: awiri koyilo mtundu (symmetrical mtundu) ndi umodzi koyilo mtundu (asymmetrical mtundu).Mapangidwe awiriwa akufotokozedwa mwachidule pansipa.

(1) Makina opangira maginito awiri okhazikika

The wapawiri koyilo okhazikika maginito limagwirira amakhala ndi: ntchito maginito okhazikika kusunga zingalowe dera wosweka pa kutsegula ndi kutseka malire malo motero, ntchito chisangalalo koyilo kukankhira pachimake chitsulo cha limagwirira kuchokera malo kutsegula kwa kutseka malo, ndi ntchito chokokera china chokokera kukankhira pachimake chachitsulo cha makinawo kuchoka pamalo otsekera kupita pamalo otsegulira.Mwachitsanzo, makina osinthira a ABB a VMl amatengera izi.

(2) Single koyilo okhazikika maginito limagwirira

Makina a maginito a coil okhazikika amagwiritsanso ntchito maginito osatha kuti chotchinga chotchinga chotchinga pazikhala malire otsegula ndi kutseka, koma koyilo imodzi yosangalatsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito potsegula ndi kutseka.Palinso zokokera ziwiri zokokera potsegula ndi kutseka, koma zozungulira ziwirizo zili mbali imodzi, ndipo kolowera komwe kumayendera ndikosiyana.Mfundo yake ndi yofanana ndi ya makina a coil okhazikika a maginito.Mphamvu yotseka imachokera ku koyilo yosangalatsa, ndipo mphamvu yotsegulira imachokera ku masika otsegulira.Mwachitsanzo, gawo la GVR lokhala ndi vacuum circuit breaker lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi Whipp&Bourne Company ku UK litengera makinawa.

Malinga ndi zomwe zili pamwambazi za makina okhazikika a maginito, ubwino wake ndi zovuta zake zikhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule.Ubwino wake ndikuti mawonekedwewo ndi osavuta, poyerekeza ndi makina a kasupe, zigawo zake zimachepetsedwa pafupifupi 60%;Ndi zigawo zochepa, chiwerengero cholephera chidzachepetsedwanso, kotero kudalirika kumakhala kwakukulu;Moyo wautali wautumiki wamakina;Kukula kochepa ndi kulemera kochepa.Choyipa ndi chakuti ponena za makhalidwe otsegulira, chifukwa chitsulo chosuntha chimagwira nawo ntchito yotsegulira, kusuntha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino kake;Chifukwa cha mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri, imachepetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya capacitor.

4. Kupititsa patsogolo mapangidwe otsekemera

Malinga ndi ziwerengero ndi kusanthula mitundu ngozi ntchito mkulu-voteji oswa dera mu dongosolo mphamvu dziko zochokera deta zogwirizana mbiri, kulephera kutsegula nkhani 22,67%;Kukana kugwirizana kunali 6.48%;Ngozi zosweka ndi kupanga zidapanga 9.07%;Ngozi za insulation zinali 35.47%;Ngozi yolakwika idatenga 7.02%;Ngozi za kutsekedwa kwa mitsinje ndi 7.95%;Mphamvu zakunja ndi ngozi zina zidapanga 11.439 zowopsa, zomwe ngozi zotsekereza ndi ngozi zokana kupatukana zinali zodziwika kwambiri, zomwe zimachititsa pafupifupi 60% ya ngozi zonse.Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ka insulation ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri la vacuum circuit breaker.Malinga ndi kusintha ndi kakulidwe ka insulation ya magawo, imatha kugawidwa m'mibadwo itatu: kutchinjiriza kwa mpweya, kutchinjiriza kophatikizana, komanso kutsekereza kolimba kosindikizidwa.